【Abstract】In recent years, due to multiple factors such as interest driven, technology constraints, material properties and so on, some satety shoes manufacturers use inferior materials to control production cost and this leads to the decline of product quality. It seriously damaged the legitimate rights and interests of consumers. In this paper, based on the inspection results of quality supervision of safety footwear over the years, combined with product quality characteristics, the quality status of safety footwear and the reasons of common quality problems are analysed, and the improvement measures are proposed.
【Keywords 】safety footwear; quality status; analysis of unqualified reasons; improvement measures
0 Preface
Safety shoes are a general term for safety shoes and protective shoes, which generally refer to shoes that are used in different workplaces to protect the feet and legs from foreseeable injuries. According to the definition in GB21148-2007 “Personal Protective Equipment Safety Shoes” standard and GB21147-2007 “Personal Protective Equipment Protective Shoes” standard, safety protective shoes refer to shoes with protective properties, equipped with protective toe caps, which can provide impact protection and Pressure-resistant protection, footwear used to protect the wearer from injury caused by accidents.
1 The performance of the quality problems of safety shoes
Under the complex working environment conditions, the feet of workers are always injured by materials, such as smashing, stabbing, puncturing and other labor injuries, so the protective equipment to protect the feet is particularly important.
According to the statistical analysis of industrial accidents by the Ministry of Labor and Social Security of my country in 2014, 38.6% of the total number of work-related injuries exceeded 100,000, and 38.6% were caused by workers’ feet touching heavy, hard, angular objects at any time when using tools, operating machines, and transporting materials. objects so as to be smashed, stabbed or crushed.
According to the implementation of supervision and random inspections in various places (as shown in Table 1), from the results of supervision and random inspections over the years and combined with the testing experience of the author’s institution, the main quality problems of current safety shoes are: impact resistance of finished shoes, Pressure resistance of finished shoes, anti-static performance, puncture resistance of finished shoes, thickness of outsole, tear strength of outsole, abrasion resistance of outsole, tensile performance of upper, logo, etc. These quality problems are still relatively common, causing harm to the safety of consumers.
2 Analysis of common quality problems
According to the importance of the detection index, the detection indicators of safety protective footwear products can be divided into three aspects: special safety performance indicators, general performance indicators and other indicators.
Special safety performance indicators: impact resistance of protective shoes, oil resistance of outsole, thermal insulation of soles, cold resistance of soles, piercing force of finished shoes, leakage resistance of finished shoes, electrical performance requirements, etc.
The quality of labor protection shoes fluctuates, and it is not stable.
General performance indicators: outsole wear resistance, outsole folding resistance, upper/outsole bonding strength, sole tear strength, upper tensile performance, upper folding resistance, outsole thickness, outsole tear strength, Outsole abrasion resistance, outsole folding resistance,
Other indicators: identification, labels. Common quality problems are:
1) The safety protection shoes are not marked with special safety categories according to the mandatory standards;
2) The special safety performance indicators of safety protective shoes cannot meet the requirements of the express safety category:
3) The durability index (general performance index) of safety shoes does not meet the requirements of national standards.
This article analyzes the reasons for the failure of the above projects.
| Unqualified items | Standard requirements and possible hazards | Cause Analysis |
| Impact resistance of finished shoes | The impact resistance of finished shoes is an important indicator for evaluating the protection performance of safety shoes for toes. Generally, steel toe caps are used in front of safety shoes, which can prevent falling objects from hurting the feet and protect the toes. The impact resistance of safety shoes is not qualified, and it is easy to cause personal injury to the user when the falling object hits the safety shoes. | ①Some manufacturers have false or irregularly marked safety shoes for special safety categories, and sell occupational shoes that are not suitable for safety shoes as safety shoes. ②In order to reduce costs, shoe factories use unqualified protective toecaps, or the length of protective toecaps is not enough. , resulting in insufficient protection of the toes |
| Pressure resistance of finished shoes | The pressure resistance of finished shoes is also an important indicator for evaluating the protection performance of safety shoes for toes. Generally, a steel toe cap is used in front of the safety shoes to prevent heavy objects from squeezing the feet and protect the toes. The unqualified pressure resistance performance of safety protective shoes is easy to crush the forefoot when a heavy object is pressed against the safety protective shoes, causing personal injury to the user. | ①Some manufacturers have false or irregularly marked safety shoes for special safety categories, and sell occupational shoes that are not suitable for safety shoes as safety shoes. ②In order to reduce costs, shoe factories use unqualified protective toecaps, or the length of protective toecaps is not enough. , resulting in insufficient protection of the toes |
| Antistatic performance | Since the user wears shoes and rubs against the ground, it is easy to generate static electricity, and it is easy to cause dangers such as static electricity and fire in some use environments. Therefore, safety shoes used in specific environments are required to have anti-static functions. The anti-static properties of safety shoes are unqualified, and under certain circumstances, static sparks are prone to cause dangers such as combustion and explosion. | ①Some manufacturers have false labels and random labels for the special safety category of safety shoes, and the safety shoes that do not have anti-static ability will be falsely marked with anti-static properties. ②In order to reduce costs, shoe factories use sole materials that do not have anti-static properties or sole materials that have poor anti-static properties |
| electrical insulation | Under some conditions of use that are prone to electric shock or easy access to high-voltage circuits, insulation between the human body and the ground is required, so safety shoes used in special environments are required to have electrical insulation. The electrical insulation of safety shoes is unqualified, which can easily lead to the risk of electric shock during use | ①Some manufacturers falsely mark the special safety category of safety protective shoes with false or disorderly labels, and falsely mark the electrical insulating properties of safety protective shoes that do not have the ability of electrical insulation. ②In order to reduce costs, shoe factories use shoe upper sole materials without electrical insulation or sole materials with poor electrical insulation ③The design of safety shoes is not good, and there is water seepage at the joint between the upper surface and the sole or the stitching part of the upper surface |
| Puncture resistance of finished shoes | The puncture resistance of finished shoes is an important indicator for evaluating the protection of safety shoes to the soles of the feet when they are stepped on sharp objects. | ① Some manufacturers falsely mark and disorderly mark the special safety category of safety protection shoes, and will make the safety protection shoes that do not have the ability of puncture resistance to be falsely marked with puncture resistance. ②In order to reduce costs, shoe factories use too thin anti-puncture steel plates ③ In order to reduce costs, the puncture-resistant steel plate used by the shoe factory does not completely cover the entire sole. |
| Outsole tear strength | The tear strength of the outsole is mainly an important indicator for evaluating the strength of the outsole of safety protection shoes. If the tear strength of the outsole is not qualified, it will cause the safety protection shoes to have a crack during the wearing process, and the sole will extend rapidly along the direction of the crack, resulting in Shoes are damaged quickly | ① The unreasonable production process, the ratio of raw and auxiliary materials, the temperature and pressure control of the production process, the selection of vulcanization system, etc., any unreasonable link will lead to the reduction of tear strength ②The selection of raw and auxiliary materials, adding too much reclaimed rubber in the production process, insufficient filler particles, low activity, and poor performance of catalysts and accelerators will reduce the tear strength and cause unqualified products. |
| Outsole abrasion resistance | The wear resistance of the outsole is an important indicator for evaluating the wear resistance of the sole material. Unqualified wear resistance can easily cause the safety protection shoe sole to be worn out and the sole to be broken, thus resulting in safety risks. | ①In order to reduce costs, manufacturers choose sole materials with excessive fillers. For some unqualified products, after the wear resistance test, more voids and impurities can be observed in the wear scar. ②Manufacturing enterprises unilaterally pursue special safety performance and change the sole formula. Although the special safety performance is improved, the wear resistance is greatly reduced |
| Upper stretch performance | The tensile strength of the shoe upper mainly examines the strength properties of the shoe upper material. Low tensile strength can easily lead to damage during the wearing process of the finished shoe. | In order to reduce costs, manufacturers cut corners in the production process and use too much reclaimed rubber and fillers, which reduces the cohesion of the material, resulting in unqualified tensile strength. |
| logo sign | Identification marks are an important channel for consumers to obtain product information. The standardization and integrity of identification marks are important factors related to consumers’ understanding of products and whether to purchase products, and are also an important manifestation of product grades. The special safety category in safety shoes is an important factor in whether consumers can use the product in a specific use environment | Some manufacturers have false and disorderly labels for special safety categories of safety shoes; some Manufacturers are not familiar enough with product standards, and the identification information is not standardized or incomplete |
3 Common quality problems improvement measures
3.1 Standardize the product identification of safety shoes industry
The special safety category of safety shoes is an important factor in whether consumers can use the product in a specific use environment. However, in the process of supervision and random inspection, it was found through on-the-spot investigation that there are still some manufacturers who have false or irregular labels for special safety categories of safety shoes, or the labels are not standardized and incomplete. It is not conducive to consumers’ purchase and rights protection.
In this regard, the author suggests that the market supervision department should standardize and guide the labeling of safety shoes, strengthen the publicity and training of relevant standards and regulations, further urge production enterprises and sales enterprises to implement their main responsibilities, and guide enterprises to standardize product packaging marks in accordance with corresponding regulations. logo. 3.2 Strengthen the promotion of stable processing technology
There are many individual practitioners in the safety shoes production industry, and there are not many enterprises with strength and brands. A considerable part are in the stage of handicraft workshops, with low quality of workers, low technical content, and insufficient creativity. It can even be said that they are basically imitations, lacking quality control means and lacking development potential.
In this regard, the author suggests that industry associations should take the lead to actively promote stable processing technology, promote the development of new technologies and new processes by enterprises, improve product quality levels, and create quality brands.
3.3 Improve product quality and safety awareness of production enterprises
At present, my country’s safety shoes industry has a low entry barrier, so the price competition is very fierce. Under this circumstance, some enterprises adopt low-price competition mode in order to occupy the market, but often ignore the quality of products. At the same time, some enterprises lack quality and safety awareness, and do not pay enough attention to the quality risks of products.
In this regard, the author suggests that the market supervision and management departments at all levels should actively cooperate with technical institutions such as standardization committees and testing institutions to carry out product quality analysis meetings, guide production enterprises to establish a sense of main responsibility, pay attention to the harm of products to consumers’ personal safety, and strictly Product quality standards produce products that meet the requirements.
3.4 Increase the quality supervision of raw materials for the production of safety shoes
In order to reduce costs, some enterprises use inferior raw materials and backward processing technology, which not only threatens the personal safety of consumers, but also disrupts the market and hinders the healthy development of the industry. The reasons for the use of inferior raw materials by enterprises are, on the one hand, because the enterprises or processing manufacturers choose cheap and inferior raw materials in pursuit of greater profits;
In this regard, it is recommended that all enterprises strengthen the quality supervision of raw materials and enhance their awareness of quality and safety. At the same time, it is suggested that the quality supervision department of each production enterprise should increase the supervision of its raw materials, promote enterprises to pay attention to the quality and safety of raw materials, and implement the quality of raw and auxiliary materials. Acceptance and quality control system.
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Ansell
Dellta Plus
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Honeywell
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